AP Chemistry II Topics

This page contains notes, handouts, links, etc., organized by topic.

William L. Masterton & Cecile N. Hurley, Chemistry: Principles and Reactions, Thomson Brooks/Cole, 5th edition, 2004.

Click on a link to jump to the topic.

Topics:

• Ch. 1 & 2: Measurement, Atoms, Molecules, & Ions
• Ch. 3: Stoichiometry
• Ch. 4: Aqueous Reactions
• Ch. 5: Gases
• Ch. 6: Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table
• Ch. 7: Covalent Bonding, Molecular Geometry & Bonding Theories
• Ch. 8 & 17: Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
• Ch. 9: Solids, Liquids, & Intermolecular Forces
• Ch. 10: Solutions
• Ch. 11 & 12: Rate of Reaction (Kinetics) and Equilibrium
• Ch. 13 & 14: Acids & Bases and Acid-Base Equilibria
• Ch. 16: Precipitation Equilibria
• Ch. 18: Oxidation/Reduction & Electrochemistry
• Ch. 19: Nuclear Chemistry
• Ch. 22: Organic Chemistry

Ch. 1 & 2: Measurement, Atoms, Molecules, & Ions

Assignments:

Ch. 1 (pp. 22-24): #3, 5, 19, 23, 45, 49, 51, 55, 67
Ch. 2 (pp. 47-50): #3, 11, 15, 21, 29, 31, 35, 37, 39, 43, 47, 57

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: NaCl Formation from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 3: Stoichiometry

Assignment:

Ch. 3 (pp. 70-75): #3, 5, 13, 19, 25, 27, 39, 45, 51, 55, 63, 65, 69, 71

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: Percent Composition from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Limiting Reactants & Percent Yield from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 4: Aqueous Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry

Assignment:

Ch. 4 (pp. 96-101): #1, 7, 13, 17, 21, 23, 27, 33, 39, 41, 45, 51, 55, 57, 59, 63

Sample Problems:

Detailed solutions to problems 4, 12, 32, & 60

Links:

• Tutorial: Molarity from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 5: Gases

Assignment:

Ch. 5 (pp. 125-129): #5, 9, 15, 19, 21, 25, 31, 33, 37, 39, 41, 45, 51, 53, 69

Notes:

• Gas Laws

Links:

• Tutorial: Ideal Gas Law from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Molecular Speed (Graham's Law) from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 6: Quantum Chemistry (Electronic Structures of Atoms) and the Periodic Table and

Assignment:

Ch. 6 (pp. 157-161): #1, 3, 9, 11, 17, 21, 25, 27, 31, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 75

Notes:

• Waves & the Hydrogen Atom
• Quantum Mechanics
• Magnetism
• Metallic Character & Reactions
• Periodic Table
• Periodic Trends
• Reactions of Alkali Metals
• Patterns of Reactivity

Links:

• Tutorial: Orbital Filling from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Interactive Electron Configuration Display from WebElements
• The Orbitron: a pictorial gallery of orbitals
• Periodic Table implemented in Microsoft Excel for easy customization
• WebElements.com: a website with data & information about each of the elements
• Tutorial: Periodic Table from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 7: Covalent Bonding, Molecular Geometry & Bonding Theories

Assignment:

Ch. 7 (pp. 190-193): #1, 3, 5, 13, 17, 23, 27, 29, 31, 35, 37, 43, 47, 49, 55, 65

Notes:

• Bond Enthalpy & Length
• Electronegativity & Charge
• Ion Size
• Lattice Energy
• Oxidation Numbers
• Hybridization
• Molecular Geometry & Dipoles
• Sigma & Pi Bonds
• VSEPR Theory

Links:

• Tutorial: Bonding from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Lewis Structures from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Expanded Valence Shells from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Hybridization from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Molecular Orbital Theory from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 8 & 17: Thermochemistry, Thermodynamics, and Spontaneity of Reaction

Assignment:

Ch. 8 (pp. 219-223): #1, 5, 11, 17, 27, 29, 37, 41, 53
Ch. 17 (pp. 468-473): #13, 17, 19, 21, 33, 35, 51, 61, 65

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: Enthalpy from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: ΔH_soln from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Estimating Enthalpy from Bond Energies from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Heating Curves from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Calorimetry from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Temperature & Molecular Motion from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Hess's Law from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Entropy from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Gibbs Free Energy from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 9: Solids, Liquids & Intermolecular Forces

Assignment:

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: The Unit Cell from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Crystal Packing from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Lattice Energy from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Intermolecular Forces from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Phase Diagrams from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Heating Curves from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Supercool, and Strange: Scientists are finding clues about why water is so utterly weird (an article about the properties of supercooled water, from the Jan. 26, 2008 issue of Science News (online edition).

Ch. 10: Solutions

Assignment:

Ch. 10 (pp. 276-281): #7, 11, 19, 35, 49

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: Molarity from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Saturated Solutions from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Raoult's Law (Vapor Pressure Lowering) from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Freezing Point Depression & Boiling Point Elevation from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Osmotic Pressure from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 11 & 12: Kinetics (Rate of Reaction) & Chemical Equilibrium

Assignment:

Ch. 11 (pp. 311-319): #1, 5, 9, 11, 23, 27, 49, 55, 63
Ch. 12 (pp. 343-349): #1, 7, 11, 17, 21, 25, 31, 41, 43 & 49

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: Reaction Rate from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Reaction Order from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Mechanisms from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Collision Theory from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Equilibrium from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Gas Phase Equilibrium from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Le Châtelier's Principle from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 13 & 14: Acids & Bases and Acid-Base Equilibria

Assignment:

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: Acid-Base Ionization from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Acid Strength & Molecular Structure from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: The pH Scale from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Self-Ionization of Water (K_w from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Buffers from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Strong Acid-Strong Base Titration from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Titration of Weak Acids from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 16: Precipitation Equilibria

Assignment:

Notes:

Links:

Ch. 18: Oxidation/Reduction & Electrochemistry

Assignment:

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: Free Energy in Electrochemical Cells from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Tutorial: Cell Potential from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!

Ch. 19: Nuclear Chemistry

Assignment:

Ch. 19 (pp. 506-524): #1, 3, 5, 9, 19, 21, 27, 33, 39, & 47

Notes:

Links:

• Tutorial: Modes of Radioactive Decay from website for Chemistry: The Science in Context!
• Table of Isotopes

Ch. 22: Organic Chemistry

Assignment:

Notes:

Links:

• Carbon and its Compounds practice test from website for Chemistry: Connections to Our Changing World
• Classes of Organic Compounds practice test from website for Chemistry: Connections to Our Changing World

Works Cited

Links are from the following textbook websites:

• William L. Masterton & Cecile N. Hurley, Chemistry: Principles and Reactions, Thomson Brooks/Cole, 5^th edition, 2004.
• Theodore Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, & Bruce Bursten, Chemistry: The Central Science, Prentice Hall, 7^th edition, 1995.
• Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, & Geoffrey Davies, Chemistry: The Science in Context!, W.W. Norton & Co., 2003
• H. Eugene LeMay, Herbert Beall, Karen M. Robblee, & Douglas C. Brower, Chemistry: Connections to Our Changing World, Prentice Hall, 2002.
• Antony C. Wilbraham, Dennis D. Staley, Michael S. Matta, Edward L. Waterman, Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 2005.
• Antony C. Wilbraham, Dennis D. Staley, Michael S. Matta, Edward L. Waterman, Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, 2002.
• Ralph Petrucci, William Harwood & Geoffrey Herring, General Chemistry Prentice Hall.