Metallic Character: element increasing exhibits phys/chem. prop of metals

· as go down column

· ¯ as go L à R across period

Properties of Metals/nonmetals: Table 7.3

Metals

Front: magnesium + chlorine gas  à magnesium chloride

Back: (metal + nonmetal à salt)

Front: sodium oxide + water à  sodium hydroxide

Back: (metal oxide + water à metal hydroxide)

Front: magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid  à magnesium chloride + water

Back: (metal oxide + acid  à salt + water)

Nonmetals

Front: carbon dioxide + water  àcarbonic acid

Back: (nonmetal oxide + water  àacid)

Front:    carbon dioxide + sodium hydroxide  à sodium carbonate +  water

sulfur trioxide +  potassium hydroxide à potassium sulfate  +  water

Back: (nonmetal oxide + base  à salt  +  water)

Group 1A Metals

Most active

Front: sodium +  hydrogen gas  à sodium hydride

Back: (alkali metal +  hydrogen gas à hydride)

Front: sodium + water  à sodium hydroxide  +   hydrogen gas

Back: alkali metal  +  water à  base   +   hydrogen

**all alkaline earth metals except Mg react with liquid water to form a base and hydrogen.  Mg will react with steam, however (this was not assigned as a notecard)

Trends of P.T.

Atomic radius: distance from center of atom’s nucleus to outermost electrons

· as move down column of table (increasing E levels of e-)

· ¯ as move left to right across period (increased nuclear charge, e- bound more tightly)

Ions:

Cations: + charged particles (metals) always smaller than its neutral atom (nucleus attracts e-)

Anions: - charged particles (nonmetals) always larger than its neutral atom (e- repell each other)

· Ionic radius: same trend as atomic radius

Ionization energy: energy required to overcome the nuclear charge and REMOVE e- from atom

· as move left to rt across period (nuclear charge increases, e- bound more tightly)

· ¯ as move down column (e- in higher E level & less attracted to nucleus)

Electron Affinity: energy change when atom GAINS e- (measure of attraction for e-)

+ energy (add energy to gain e-, low attraction)

- energy (release energy to gain e-, high attract)

Generally,

· Nonmetals greater affinity

· Metals: less affinity

Electronegativity: tendency of an atom to GAIN e-

· increase as move left to rt in period (elements want to fill empty orbitals for noble gas config)

· decrease as move down column (e- in higher E levels and less attracted to nucleus)