Section

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  Physics I

  Physics I is a course designed for high school students in grades 11 & 12. Topics studied include mechanics, heat, electricity & magnetism, waves & optics, fluid mechanics, and atomic & particle physics. The course requires that students be able to describe and solve problems using algebra. The course also requires basic trigonometry and vector math, but these topics are taught at the beginning of the course. The course is supported by an interactive laboratory environment where students gain hands-on experience with the concepts being studied. The content of the course exceeds the requirements of the Massachusetts Curriculum Frameworks for high school physics.

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• This section13
  Topic
  13

  Fluid Mechanics - Toggle

  Fluid Mechanics

  Notes pp. 295-316

  Density, pressure, atmospheric pressure, hydrostatic pressure, hydraulics, buoyancy & flotation, Bernoulli's principle.

  • Notes & Handouts

  • Pressure File 898.5KB RTF document
  • Hydrostatics File 658.3KB RTF document
  • Buoyancy File 1.7MB RTF document
  • Gas Laws File 425.6KB RTF document
  • Fluid Motion & Bernoulli's Law File 3.2MB RTF document
  • Assignments

  • Hydrostatics worksheet File
  • More Hydrostatics & Buoyancy worksheet File
  • Gas Laws worksheet File
  • Activities & Experiments

  • Fluid Mechanics Demonstration List Page
  • Aluminum Foil Boats Page
  • Mini Hovercraft Page
  • Pressure in the Diet Coke & Mentos Reaction Page
  • Rubric: Pressure in the Diet Coke & Mentos Reaction File
  • Resources

  • Instructional Videos: Fluid Mechanics Page
  • Tutorial: Pressure-Volume Work URL
  • Animation: Bernoulli's Law URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests

  • Solids, Liquids, and Gases Practice Problems Page
• 1
  Topic
  1

  Administrivia - Toggle

  Administrivia

  Course handouts, expectations, forms, etc.

  • Documents

  • Prerequisites Page
  • Syllabus - Physics I File 46.5KB PDF document
  • Classroom Policies & Expectations File 54.9KB PDF document
  • Laboratory Safety Contract File 35.3KB RTF document
  • Forms & Surveys

  • Student Information Form File 31.6KB PDF document
  • Parent Questionnaire File
  • Time Commitment Survey File
  • Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire (web version) URL
  • Descriptions of the Learning Styles URL
  • Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire File
  • Student Feedback Form File
• 2
  Topic
  2

  Reference - Toggle

  Reference

  Data and other useful reference materials.

  • Resources

  • Physics Notes File 10.5MB Word document

    Class notes for the entire course.

  • Physics Reference Tables File

    Reference data & formulas for the entire course.

  • Physics Reference Tables (NY Board of Regents) URL
  • Reading & Taking Notes from a Textbook File 95KB RTF document
  • Taking Notes on Math Problems File 149.9KB RTF document
  • Textbooks & Curriculum

  • Physics: Principles and Problems website URL
  • Mass. DOE Physics Curriculum Frameworks (Oct. 2006) File
  • Computer Tips

  • Saving Files in Rich Text Format (RTF) Page
  • Superscripts and Subscripts in Microsoft Windows Page
  • Copying & Pasting Images/Pictures from a PDF File Page
• 3
  Topic
  3

  Laboratory - Toggle

  Laboratory

  Laboratory safety, style guides and rubrics for laboratory notebooks and formal reports, laboratory equipment, performing experiments.

  • Documents & Rubrics

  • Laboratory Safety Contract File 35.3KB RTF document
  • Laboratory Notebook Guidelines File
  • Sample Laboratory Notebook Write-Up File
  • Laboratory Experiment (Notebook) Rubric File
  • Activities & Experiments

  • 5-Second Timer Project Page
  • Rubric for 5-Second Timer File 23.7KB PDF document
  • Resources

  • Tutorial: Error Analysis URL
• 4
  Topic
  4

  Mathematics & Measurement - Toggle

  Mathematics & Measurement

  Notes pp. 13-48

  Standard assumptions in physics, metric system, scientific notation, uncertainty, error analysis, algebra, trigonometry, and vectors.

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    This topic addresses the following skills described in the Massachusetts Curriculum Frameworks for High School Physics either as "specific skills from the Mathematics Framework that students in this course should have the opportunity to apply" or as "skills [that] are not detailed in the Mathematics Framework, but [which] are necessary for a solid understanding in this course":

    • Measure with accuracy and precision (e.g., length, volume, mass, temperature, time)
    • Convert within a unit (e.g., centimeters to meters).
    • Use common prefixes such as milli-, centi-, and kilo-.
    • Use scientific notation, where appropriate.
    • Determine the correct number of significant figures.
    • Determine percent error from experimental and accepted values.
    • Use appropriate metric/standard international (SI) units of measurement for mass (g); length (cm); and time (s).
  • Notes & Handouts

  • Standard Assumptions in Physics File 102.1KB RTF document
  • The Metric System File 240.1KB RTF document
  • Scientific Notation File 172.6KB RTF document
  • Accuracy, Precision & Uncertainty File 1.2MB RTF document
  • Error Analysis File 294.8KB RTF document
  • Trigonometry Review File 1.2MB RTF document
  • Vectors File 1.2MB RTF document
  • Vectors vs. Scalars in Physics File 249.9KB RTF document
  • Vector Multiplication File 1.2MB RTF document
  • Assignments

  • Metric System & Scientific Notation worksheet File
  • Metric Conversions worksheet File
  • Scientific Notation worksheet File
  • Significant Figures worksheet File
  • Assigning Variables #1 worksheet File
  • Assigning Variables #2 worksheet File
  • Trigonometry Review worksheet File
  • Resultant Vectors worksheet File
  • Resources

  • Instructional Videos: Mathematics & Measurement Page
  • Powers of Ten video File
  • Tutorial: Scientific Notation URL
  • Tutorial: Significant Figures URL
  • Animation: Cylindrical Coördinates (The r,θ,z Coördinate System) File
  • Animation: Adding Two Vectors File
  • Animation: Adding Three Vectors File
  • Animation: Subtracting Two Vectors File
  • Animation: Adding the Components of Vectors File
  • Animation: Unit Vectors File
  • Animation: The Dot Product of Two Vectors File
  • Animation: The Cross Product of Two Vectors File
  • Animation: The Right-Hand Rule File
  • Practice Problems & Tests

• 5
  Topic
  5

  Kinematics (Motion) - Toggle

  Kinematics (Motion)

  Notes pp. 49-67

  Position, speed, velocity, and acceleration in one dimension (linear motion) and two dimensions (projectile motion).

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    Central Concept: Newton's laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of most objects.

    • 1.1 Compare and contrast vector quantities (e.g.,displacement, velocity, acceleration force, linear momentum) and scalar quantities (e.g., distance, speed, energy, mass, work).
    • 1.2 Distinguish between displacement, distance, velocity, speed, and acceleration. Solve problems involving displacement, distance, velocity, speed, and constant acceleration.
    • 1.3 Create and interpret graphs of 1-dimensional motion, such as position vs. time, distance vs. time, speed vs. time, velocity vs. time, and acceleration vs. time where acceleration is constant.
  • Notes & Handouts

  • Motion, Speed & Velocity File 1.4MB RTF document
  • Acceleration File 5MB RTF document
  • Projectile Motion File 2.7MB RTF document
  • Assignments

  • HW Problems: Modern Physics, Ch. 3, pp. 47-48 (velocity), Problems #1, 2, 3, 5
  • HW Problems: Modern Physics, Ch. 3, pp. 55-56 (acceleration), Questions #5, Problems #1, 3, 4, 7
  • Describing Motion: Supplemental Problems (Glencoe) URL
  • Motion #1 worksheet File
  • Level Projectiles worksheet File
  • Experiments & Activities

  • Kinematics Demonstration List Page
  • Egg Drop Page
  • Rubric for Egg Drop File 23.7KB PDF document
  • Resources

  • Instructional Videos: Kinematics Page
  • Animation: Displacement vs. Distance File
  • Kinematics Graphing Game URL
  • Animation: Constant Acceleration File
  • Animation: Dropping Two Balls Near the Earth's Surface File
  • Animation: Free Fall URL
  • Animation: The Monkey and the Coconut File
  • Animation: Projectiles URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests

  • Kinematics Practice Problems Page
  • Kinematics Practice Questions - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
  • Motion Graphs worksheet File 148.9KB PDF document
• 6
  Topic
  6

  Forces & Gravitation - Toggle

  Forces & Gravitation

  Notes pp. 69-92

  Forces, Newton's laws (inertia, force & acceleration, action & reaction), Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, gravitational interactions, satellite motion.

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    Central Concept: Newton's laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of most objects.

    • 1.4 Interpret and apply Newton's three laws of motion.
    • 1.5 Use a free-body force diagram to show forces acting on a system consisting of a pair of interacting objects. For a diagram with only co-linear forces, determine the net force acting on a system and between the objects.
    • 1.6 Distinguish qualitatively between static and kinetic friction, and describe their effectson the motion of objects.
    • 1.7 Describe Newton's law of universal gravitation in terms of the attraction between two objects, their masses, and the distance between them.
  • Notes & Handouts

  • Newton's Laws of Motion File 920KB RTF document
  • Forces File 2.1MB RTF document
  • Free-Body Diagrams File 481.4KB RTF document
  • Force Applied at an Angle File 2.3MB RTF document
  • Friction File 548.9KB RTF document
  • Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation File 402.8KB RTF document
  • Assignments
    

  • Linear Forces worksheet File
  • Free-Body Diagrams worksheet File
  • Resolving Forces #1 worksheet File
  • Resolving Forces #2 worksheet File
  • Friction #1 worksheet File
  • Variable Interactions worksheet File
  • Universal Gravitation worksheet File
  • Experiments & Activities
    

  • Forces Demonstration List Page
  • Coëfficient of Kinetic Friction of a Bicycle Page
  • Rubric for Coëfficient of Kinetic Friction of a Bicycle File 26.8KB PDF document
  • Resources
    

  • Instructional Videos: Forces Page
  • Animation: Forces & Acceleration URL
  • Animation: Gravitation File
  • Animation: Satellites (Earth & Gravitation) URL
  • Animation: Gravitational Force Between Planets URL
  • Animation: The Earth-Moon System URL
  • Animation: The Sun-Earth-Moon System URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests

  • Forces & Gravitation Practice Problems Page
  • Dynamics Practice Questions - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
  • Circular Motion & Gravitation Practice Problems - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
  • Special Problems in Mechanics (pulleys, inclined planes, springs, & pendulums) Practice Problems - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
• 7
  Topic
  7

  Oscillation, Simple Harmonic Motion & Circular Motion - Toggle

  Oscillation, Simple Harmonic Motion & Circular Motion

  Notes pp. 93-111

  Simple harmonic motion, springs, pendulums, rotation & angular motion, centripetal and centrifugal force, center of mass ("center of gravity"), rotational mechanics, torque.

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    Central Concept: Newton's laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of most objects.

    • 1.8 Describe conceptually the forces involved in circular motion.
  • Notes & Handouts

  • Simple Harmonic Motion File 1.1MB RTF document
  • Springs File 1014.1KB RTF document
  • Pendulums File 1.1MB RTF document
  • Angular Motion File 122.5KB RTF document
  • Torque File 1MB RTF document
  • Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Force File 1.7MB RTF document
  • Assignments
    

  • Experiments & Activities
    

  • Circular Motion Demonstration List Page
  • Resources
    

  • Animation: Forces on a Pendulum File
  • Instructional Videos: Circular Motion Page
  • Animation: The Angular Velocity Vector File
  • Animation: How Cats Land on Their Feet File
  • Cat Landing on Its Feet (MP4) File
  • Cat Landing on Its Feet (FLV) File
  • Animation: Torque (See-Saw) URL
  • Animation: Forces on Frames URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests
    

• 8
  Topic
  8

  Work, Energy & Momentum - Toggle

  Work, Energy & Momentum

  Notes pp. 113-140

  Momentum, conservation of momentum, work, energy, the work-energy theorem, conservation of energy, power.

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    Central Concept: The laws of conservation of energy and momentum provide alternate approaches to predict and describe the movement of objects.

    • 2.1 Interpret and provide examples that illustrate the law of conservation of energy.
    • 2.2 Interpret and provide examples of how energy can be converted from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy and vice versa.
    • 2.3 Describe both qualitatively and quantitatively how work can be expressed as a change in mechanical energy.
    • 2.4 Describe both qualitatively and quantitatively the concept of power as work done per unit time.
    • 2.5 Provide and interpret examples showing that linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity, and is always conserved (law of conservation of momentum). Calculate the momentum of an object.
  • Notes & Handouts

  • Linear Momentum File 569.3KB RTF document
  • Impulse File 182.2KB RTF document
  • Work File 2MB RTF document
  • Energy File 1.7MB RTF document
  • Escape Velocity File 221.5KB RTF document
  • Newton's Cradle File 1MB RTF document
  • Power File 203.6KB RTF document
  • Assignments

  • Creating Momentum & Impulse Problems worksheet File
  • Momentum & Impulse worksheet File
  • Creating Work Problems worksheet File
  • Work worksheet File
  • Creating Energy Problems worksheet File
  • Energy worksheet File
  • Power worksheet File
  • Experiments & Activities

  • Work, Energy & Momentum Demonstration List Page
  • Determining the Velocity of a Steel Ball Using a Ballistic Pendulum Page
  • Resources

  • Instructional Videos: Momentum, Work, Energy & Power Page
  • Animation: Work Done by a Force URL
  • Animation: Energy Conversion URL
  • Animation: Racing Balls File
  • Animation: Racing Skiers File
  • Animation: Conservation of Momentum URL
  • Animation: Collisions (Conservation of Momentum) File
  • Animation: Collisions URL
  • Animation: Explosions URL
  • Animation: Newton's Cradle File
  • Practice Problems & Tests

  • Momentum Practice Problems Page
• 9
  Topic
  9

  Thermal Physics (Heat) - Toggle

  Thermal Physics (Heat)

  Notes pp. 141-178

  Temperature, heat, specific heat capacity, thermal expansion, conduction, convection, radiation, phase changes, thermodynamics.

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    Central Concept: Heat is energy that is transferred by the processes of convection, conduction, and radiation between objects or regions that are at different temperatures.

    • 3.1 Explain how heat energy is transferred by convection, conduction, and radiation.
    • 3.2 Explain how heat energy will move from a higher temperature to a lower temperature until equilibrium is reached.
    • 3.3 Describe the relationship between average molecular kinetic energy and temperature. Recognize that energy is absorbed when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas, and that energy is released when a substance changes from a gas to a liquid to a solid. Explain the relationships among evaporation, condensation, cooling, and warming.
    • 3.4 Explain the relationships among temperature changes in a substance, the amount of heat transferred, the amount (mass) of the substance, and the specific heat of the substance.
      
  • Notes & Handouts

  • Heat & Temperature File 114.1KB RTF document
  • Quantity vs. Driving Force File 2.5MB RTF document
  • Heat Transfer File 2.9MB RTF document
  • Energy Conversion File 833.6KB RTF document
  • Efficiency File 189.9KB RTF document
  • Specific Heat Capacity & Calorimetry File 412.6KB RTF document
  • Phase Changes & Heating Curves File 1MB RTF document
  • Thermal Expansion File 3.6MB RTF document
  • Assignments

  • Thermal Conductivity worksheet File
  • Specific Heat Capacity & Calorimetry worksheet File
  • Heating Curves worksheet File
  • Thermal Expansion worksheet File
  • Activities, Demonstrations & Experiments

  • Thermal Physics Demonstration List Page
  • Identification of an Unknown Metal Using Calorimetry Page
  • Rubric for Identification of an Unknown Metal Using Calorimetry File 25.1KB PDF document
  • Resources

  • Instructional Videos: Heat, Thermal Physics & Thermodynamics Page
  • Tutorial: Heating Curves URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests

  • Heat & Thermodynamics Practice Problems Page
  • test (please delete) Assignment (2.2)
• 10
  Topic
  10

  Electricity & Magnetism - Toggle

  Electricity & Magnetism

  Notes pp. 179-227

  Charge, Coulomb's law, conductors & insulators, electric fields, electric potential, current, resistance, circuits, magnetism, magnetic fields.

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    Central Concept: Stationary and moving charged particles result in the phenomena known as electricity and magnetism.

    • 5.1 Recognize that an electric charge tends to be static on insulators and can move on and in conductors. Explain that energy can produce a separation of charges.
    • 5.2 Develop qualitative and quantitative understandings of current, voltage, resistance, and the connections among them (Ohm’s law).
    • 5.3 Analyze simple arrangements of electrical components in both series and parallel circuits. Recognize symbols and understand the functions of common circuit elements (battery, connecting wire, switch, fuse, resistance) in a schematic diagram.
    • 5.4 Describe conceptually the attractive or repulsive forces between objects relative to their charges and the distance between them (Coulomb’s law).
    • 5.5 Explain how electric current is a flow of charge caused by a potential difference (voltage), and how power is equal to current multiplied by voltage.
    • 5.6 Recognize that moving electric charges produce magnetic forces and moving magnets produce electric forces. Recognize that the interplay of electric and magnetic forces is the basis for electric motors, generators, and other technologies.
  • Notes & Handouts
    

  • Electric Charge File 2.3MB RTF document
  • Coulomb's Law File 200.3KB RTF document
  • Electric Fields File 1.8MB RTF document
  • Quantity vs. Driving Force File 2.5MB RTF document
  • Electric Current & Ohm's Law File 404.4KB RTF document
  • Electric Circuits (DC) File 3.7MB RTF document
  • Electrical Components File 6.8MB RTF document
  • Measuring Voltage, Current & Resistance File 1.2MB RTF document
  • Magnetism File 5.4MB RTF document
  • Electricity & Magnetism File 2.5MB RTF document
  • Assignments
    

  • Coulomb's Law & Electric Fields worksheet File
  • Ohm's Law & Electric Power worksheet File
  • DC Circuits worksheet File
  • Experiments & Activities
    

  • Electronic Quiz Board Page
  • Electricity & Magnetism Demonstration List Page
  • Confuse Box Circuit Game Page
  • Resources
    

  • Instructional Videos: Electricity & Magnetism Page
  • Animation: Coulomb's Law File
  • Animation: Electric Field Lines File
  • Animation: Water as an Analogy for Electric Current File
  • Animation: How a Light Switch Works File
  • Animation: Circuits URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests
    

  • Electricity & Magnetism Practice Problems Page
  • Electric Forces, Fields & Potential - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
  • DC Circuits - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
  • Magnetism - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
  • Electromagnetic Induction - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
• 11
  Topic
  11

  Waves & Sound - Toggle

  Waves & Sound

  Notes pp. 229-255

  Simple harmonic motion, pendulums, springs, waves, wave motion & speed, transverse vs. longitudinal waves, interference, Doppler effect, sound.

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    Central Concept: Waves carry energy from place to place without the transfer of matter.

    • 4.1 Describe the measurable properties of waves (velocity, frequency, wavelength, amplitude, period) and explain the relationships among them. Recognize examples of simple harmonic motion.
    • 4.2 Distinguish between mechanical and electromagnetic waves.
    • 4.3 Distinguish between the two types of mechanical waves, transverse and longitudinal.
    • 4.4 Describe qualitatively the basic principles of reflection and refraction of waves.
    • 4.5 Recognize that mechanical waves generally move faster through a solid than through a liquid and faster through a liquid than through a gas.
    • 4.6 Describe the apparent change in frequency of waves due to the motion of a source or a receiver (the Doppler effect).
  • Notes & Handouts
    

  • Waves File 5.9MB RTF document
  • Superposition of Waves File 5.3MB RTF document
  • Sound & Music File 10.1MB RTF document
  • The Doppler Effect File 8.5MB RTF document
  • Assignments
    

  • Waves, Springs & Pendulums File
  • Experiments & Activities
    

  • Waves & Sound Demonstration List Page
  • Resources
    

  • Instructional Videos: Waves & Sound Page
  • Animation: Waves (Slinky) URL
  • Animation: Traveling Waves File
  • Animation: A Plane Wave Traveling Through Two Mediums File
  • Animation: Refraction File
  • Animation: Reflections From a Barrier File
  • Animation: Reflections From Two Barriers File
  • Animation: Standing Waves with a Node on Both Ends File
  • Animation: Standing Waves with a Node on One End File
  • Animation: Resonance URL
  • Animation: Doppler Effect File
  • Animation: Doppler Effect: Wave Fronts File
  • Simulation: Doppler Effect URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests
    

  • Waves & Sound Practice Problems Page
  • Waves - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
  • Animation: Resonance with Pendulums URL
• 12
  Topic
  12

  Light & Optics - Toggle

  Light & Optics

  Notes pp. 257-294

  Light, electromagnetic waves, polarization, color, reflection & refraction, lenses, diffraction.

  • Massachusetts Frameworks

    Central Concept: Oscillating electric or magnetic fields can generate electromagnetic waves over a wide spectrum.

    • 6.1 Recognize that electromagnetic waves are transverse waves and travel at the speed of light through a vacuum.
    • 6.2 Describe the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of frequency and wavelength, and identify the locations of radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet), ultraviolet rays, x-rays, and gamma rays on the spectrum.
  • Notes & Handouts
    

  • Electromagnetic Waves File 447.6KB RTF document
  • Color & Polarization File 5.2MB RTF document
  • Reflection File 1.8MB RTF document
  • Mirrors File 11.1MB RTF document
  • Refraction File 10.5MB RTF document
  • Lenses File 7.4MB RTF document
  • Assignments
    

  • Activities & Experiments
    

  • Light & Optics Demonstration List Page
  • Refraction & Snell's Law #1 Page
  • Resources
    

  • Instructional Videos: Light & Optics Page
  • Animation: Rotating a Mirror and the Reflected Ray File
  • Animation: Reflection and Refraction File
  • Animation: Object-Image Relationships File
  • Animation: Using an Optical Bench File
  • Simulation: Diverging Mirror URL
  • Simulation: Converging Lens URL
  • Simulation: Diverging Lens URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests
    

  • Light & Optics Practice Problems Page
  • Optics - SparkNotes SAT Physics URL
• 14
  Topic
  14

  Atomic & Nuclear Physics - Toggle

  Atomic & Nuclear Physics

  Notes pp. 317-362

  Quarks and other sub-atomic particles, radioactive decay, nuclear fission & fusion.

  • Notes & Handouts

  • The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom File 4.9MB RTF document
  • Fundamental Forces File 87KB RTF document
  • The Standard Model File 3.3MB RTF document
  • Particle Interactions (Feynman Diagrams) File 12.1MB RTF document
  • Radioactive Decay File 1.3MB RTF document
  • Nuclear Equations File 200.6KB RTF document
  • Mass Defect & Binding Energy File 124.1KB RTF document
  • Half-Life File 311.4KB RTF document
  • Nuclear Fission and Fusion File 3.5MB RTF document
  • Practical Uses for Nuclear Radiation File 94.9KB RTF document
  • Assignments

  • Radioactive Decay worksheet File
  • Half-Life worksheet File
  • Activities & Experiments

  • Half-Life of Eminemium File
  • Resources

  • Instructional Videos: Atomic & Nuclear Physics Page
  • Tutorial: The Big Bang URL
  • The Higgs Boson Explained URL
  • Practice Problems & Tests

  • Atomic & Nuclear Physics Practice Problems Page
• 16
  Topic
  16

  Final Project/Exam - Toggle

  Final Project/Exam

  This year's final exam is a lab experiment with write-up.

  • Pressure in the Diet Coke & Mentos Reaction Page
  • Rubric: Pressure in the Diet Coke & Mentos Reaction File